- Around 44% of women outside the labor force cited child care and household work as the primary reason
- The information is from the Periodic Labour Force Survey Annual Report 2025
As per the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Annual Report 2025 released by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, the majority of women (nearly 44 percent) outside of the workforce say they do not work because of household duties but less than 0.5 percent of men are also doing the same. This data is representative of those who are not currently in the workforce throughout all of India.
The Parity in Figures show that there was a larger gender gap in Urban India than Rural as 52.5 percent of Urban women outside the labour force gave home-make duty as their reason for being outside the labour force while only 0.6 percent of Urban men gave that reason for not working.
In Rural India, 40 percent of women and 0.4 percent of men outside the labour force also gave home-make duty as the reason for not working so overall, home-making duties accounted for 29.1 percent of all persons outside the labour force.
The other reason that men are reporting staying out of the labour force is educational related. 69.8 percent of men are currently continuing their education while only 34.1 percent of the female population is staying outside the labour force while continuing their education. 46.5 percent of the total population outside the labour force has not worked due to attending school.
While health related and or age related problems are cited as the second reason that keeps men from working, only 17.9 percent of the males and 10.5 percent of the females state these as their reason for not being in the workforce.
8.2 percent of men and 4.4 percent of women also are not in the labour force due to lack of training or not being of acceptable age; and there are a wide variety of less significant factors that account for the remainder of those not working including location of work, social factors, or because of being financially secure.
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